![]() The first recorded outbreak of an epidemic consistent with plague occurred in Athens at the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War in the summer of 430 BC. Plague was not the only cause of epidemics but history records its deadly impact. 4 Amplification of Y pestis–specific DNA from dental pulp in victims of the Justinian plague and in victims of the 16th to 18th centuries in southern Europe has documented the presence of Y pestis in suspected cases. 5 It is proposed that in the future more refined groupings may be based on molecular signatures when investigating the history of the plague bacteria. Paleomicrobiologists have distinguished 3 biovars (Antiqua, Medievalis, and Orientalis) of the Y pestis clone that may have been linked successively to the plague pandemic in the 6th century (the Justinian plague), one in the early Middle Ages, and the current plague pandemic. The causative bacterium, Yersinia pestis, 4 is a clone that evolved from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 1500 to 20 000 years ago before the first pandemics of human plague. Another of Pasteur's students, Paul-Lewis Simond, 3 identified the rat flea ( xenopsylla cheopis) as carrying the infecting agent. Musée du Louvre, Paris, France, Giraudon/Bridgeman Art Library.Īlexandre Yersin 2 identified the bacterial etiology of bubonic plague in Hong Kong in 1896 when Louis Pasteur (who had previously treated Yersin for rabies) sent him to search for its cause. Shared Decision Making and CommunicationĬover: Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665), French.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.
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